Confucian Values in Relation to Filipino Values - 1287 Words

Relation of Confucian Values with Filipino Values Moral, values and ethics define who we are and what we believe. Culture, religion, and many other things affect our beliefs. One uses various types of ethics when surrounded by different groups. Knowing between right and wrong is a good foundation to practice goo ethics and morals. These things make morals, ethics and values important in society. many factors can contribute to what we think is morally right or wrong. Religion, for example, may create a barrier on to what extent we do something. Some religions set rules, or guidelines on which they limit what we do. Cultures as well contribute to people’s decisions. Many times our values and ethics disagree with different people who hold†¦show more content†¦Lastly, Jen or the benevolence – humanity – is considered to be the supreme of all virtues of Confucius. It gives emphasis on the importance of knowing the proper way for human relations. This is the practice of all virtues. It carries out what is kno wn as the alpha and omega of one’s moral life – the principle of Chung (loyalty) and Shu (consideration). The following values weighed by Confucius fall heavily on how the followers of Confucianism see his teachings and how passionately they’ve tried to follow the principles he had set. In reality, the Confucian values do not stray away from how Filipino values, which has been greatly influenced by Christian morals, are presented. Much is true with the concept of Jen which upholds the principles of Chung – do to others what you wish yourself – and Shu – do not do to others what you do not wish yourself. This golden rule is the same as that of the teachings of the church to the Filipinos in accordance to the bible. In the book of Luke, the value of benevolence is expressed by the same saying as that of the Confucian teachings. Just like the followers of Confucianism, the Filipino Christians value their relationships with others (loyalty); giving what is due to others and making sure they do not impede on freely exercising the human rights and dignity of th eir fellow Filipinos (consideration). A sense of justice and observance of ethics are imbibed in the values of Filipinos as well.Show MoreRelatedOrganizational Concepts And Cultural Context1849 Words   |  8 Pagesin India do not allow company to sack or recruit workers without permission from the state (Kramer and Syed, 2012). In fact, the government set up this rule based on cultural context from history. Indian ethic identified people as â€Å"the creator of value and wealth in the market place† (Imam Ali, 1989). Moreover, nation is forced to make a living for people through securing their work (Said, 1972). As a consequence, government takes care of people by creating the above policy. However, the limitationRead MoreWa, Guanxi and Inhwa: Managerial Principles of Japan, China and Korea4587 Words   |  19 Pagesprinciples represented by these countries are Wa, Guanxi, and InhWa, respectively. II. Background of the Article In this context, it will discuss main managerial principle of Japan, China, and Korea namely Wa, Guanxi, and Inhwa. Wa refers to the value the Japanese place on group loyalty and consensus. It translates as the search for or the existence of mutual cooperation so a group’s member can devote their energies to attaining group goals. Guanxi, however, is considered as one of the major dynamicsRead MoreAp World History Chapter 21 Summary2501 Words   |  11 Pagesand tenth centuries after the collapse of Teotihuacan a. Established large state, powerful army mid-tenth to the mid-twelfth century b. Tula was the Toltec capital city and center of trade c. Maintained close relations with societies of the Gulf coast and the Maya 2. Toltec decline after twelfth century d. Civil strife at Tula, beginning in 1125 e. Nomadic invaders after 1175 3. Arrival of the Mexica (or Aztecs) in centralRead MoreLet Majorship English4572 Words   |  19 Pagesconsolation of death 7. In whose reign was the Christian church NOT persecuted? A. Nero’s C. Marcus Aurelius’s B. Diocletian’s D. Constantine’s 8. Which work of Lord ALFRED Tenyyson embodies his ideas on immortality and death in relation to his thoughts on Arthur Hallam? A. Break, Break, Break C. In Memoriam B. Crossing the Bar D. My Last Duchess 9. One of Rousseau’s important writing on political philosophy is_________________. A. The Republic C. The SocialRead MoreOn Aristotles Friendship and Social Network10537 Words   |  43 Pagesabout Aristotle’s concept of friendship. The researcher includes the discussion of virtue and other ethical principles governing friendship as support to the said topic. There are several ethical principles that can be applied to Facebook such as Confucian ethics and Heideggerian concept of technology but the researcher prefers Aristotelian ethical principles for the said topic. The study will tackle Aristotle’s concept of friendship with the inclusion of virtue and other ethical principle substantialRead MoreHis171 Part 7, E3 Eznotes5586 Words   |  23 Pagesmovement that defended workers against their employers was a. Social Darwinism. b. liberalism. c. the labor union movement.* d. millenarianism. e. the Wobblies. 20. Karl Marx defined the term surplus value as the a. appropriate profit of business. b. difference between wages and the value of goods.* c. proper cost of goods in the marketplace. d. amount that business owners were able to put into the bank. e. sum total of all goods and services produced in a country. 21. The goal of theRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages3) 6.4.2 Estimating tools (.1.3.4) 6.3.1 Identifying resources 7.1 Activity cost estimates (.2.3.4.5) 5.1.2.4 Delphi method Chapter 6 10.5.3 Cost/schedule system (.1) 6.6 .2.1 Time performance 7.2.3.1 Cost baseline development 7.3.2.1 Earned value system (F.4) 7.3.2.4 E.V., performance status report 7.3.2.2 E.V., forecasts 7.3.2.3 EV., to complete index (EAC) 7.3.2.5 Schedule and cost variance Developing a Project Plan 4.2.2 Planning tools 6.2 Sequence activities [1.2] 6.5.1 Bar and milestoneRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesshaped the likelihood and direction of migration in many forms. Labor demands and low frontier populations produced both higher wages and increased opportunities for employment and trade. 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Advocacy Role paper Free Essays

Advanced practice nurse’s are reimbursed at a lower rate for the same services than physicians by Medicare, Medicaid and other private insurance companies. American medical association sets our scope of practice and regulations and legislation is often influenced by these recommendations. Advanced practice nurses should be consider as equal members of the healthcare provider community and receive equal reimbursement. We will write a custom essay sample on Advocacy Role paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now To make these changes one must develop a plan and advocate for the profession. Advanced practice nurses are reimbursed at a lower rate, for the same services, than physicians. Medicare reimburses nurse practitioners at 85%, certified nurse midwives at 65 %, and physician assistants at 85% or less of the physician fee. The exception to the reimbursement rate is called the â€Å"incident to†. Medicare will reimburse at 100% if billed under a physician provider number. Medicaid pays 75-100% of the physician fee with the exception of some rural areas. Private insurance companies reimbursement to advanced practice nurses policies vary state to state. In an attempt to find ways to decrease cost, private insurance companies are beginning to follow Medicare’s reimbursement policies. For advanced practice nurses the reimbursement policies vary according to state, company, and licensure, and are not equitable to physician reimbursement. This issue is being buried by the American Medical Association. The Affordable care Act addressed the reimbursement of physicians but APN were not mentioned. 1997 budget act is the last legislation passed that addressed reimbursement for advanced practice nurses. This act decided that advanced practice nurses are entitled to reimbursement. The legislators in Tennessee at that time voted for or against the act. This issue has not been addressed since then which could say that this is not a priority for the state. It could be the increae cost related to increased reombursement that keeps them from pushing the issue. The affordable Care Act addressed Medicare reimbursement but did not adress APN’s specifically. The govener of Tennessee opted out of taking the money for the state. The federal govt. as to except the cost and reimburse at 100% this could have impacted advanced practice nurses in a positive way. As it stands This issue needs to be addressed with more impact especially after the affordable care and patient protection act. Nurse practitioners will be a solution of the problem and will want to be reimbursed according to care not license. Reimbursement of care provided by advanced practice nurses should equal physicians because t hey are providing the same service with equal or better outcomes. In a study done by Laurent, Herman, Reeves, Braspenning, ; Spinbald, â€Å"The findings suggest that appropriately trained nurses can produce as high quality care as primary care doctors and achieve as good health outcomes for patients. † Naylor and Kurtzman found that Nurse Practitioners â€Å"out performed physicians in easures of consultation time, patient follow-up and patient satisfaction. â€Å"(Naylor ; Kurtzman, 2010). A 2002 report to Congress by the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, however, was unable to tind reliable data to discern clear ditterences in the two groups’ outcomes and expenses. How to cite Advocacy Role paper, Papers

Case Study Of Alibaba Group Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Case Study Of Alibaba Group. Answer: Alibaba Alibaba Group is a Chinese e-commerce company which pioneered in the e-commerce business in the country. Allibaba was founded by Jack Ma in the year 1999 with the novel motive of connecting manufacturers of China with international buyers. The company operates on customer-to-customer, business- to -customer and business- to business model. Alibaba revolutionized the e-commerce business in People Republic of China and have achieved business excellence. The reason behind choosing the company is to study how Alibaba had a humble beginning in the year 1999 and surpassed companies like Walmart and Amazon to be the largest retailer of the world in the year 2016(Alibaba , 2017) How Alibaba Has Achieved Its Current Position In Market The company operates in more than 200 countries .In the year 2017, the market cap of was about USD$305. Alibaba followed different business strategies to achieve its current top position in e-commerce market. From the year 1998 to 2001, the motive of the company was to serve the needs of all the small and medium size enterprises of China by providing them online services and connecting them with customers. In the year 2000, Porter Erisman was hired by the company who guided the company in globalizing its operations. In the year 2002, a certification of credit which was extremely reliable called TrustPass was invented by Alibaba which made transactions safe for customers. The demand for products at reasonable price grew worldwide, thus Alibaba had the opportunity to excel in the export business by gaining more global customers. In the year 2014, Alibaba received the largest IPO in the history of the United States. The major stakeholders of the company are Softbank Corp and Yahoo Inc. Thus Alibaba applied the concept of strategies by figuring out who their customers were, how the company could serve them and how it would generate revenue (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Business Model Of Alibaba Alibaba centered its core-business on e-commerce and the business model of the company is a combination of many famous technological companies of the United States, but the company has not imitated the business model of any particular company. The company does not hold any inventory, neither has warehouses. The prime feature of Alibabas business model is its innovative software platform. Alibaba has created companies like Alipay, an online payment platform, Aliyun for cloud computing and China Smart Logistics. Alibaba has made major investments in a number of start-up companies in the United States like Snapchat. The company has also invested in many other Chinese companies. Cage Framework Alibaba operates in 200 countries by analyzing their Cultural, Administrative, Geographic and Economic factors. The company connects the global customers with the small and medium size Enterprises of China by offering them products at reasonable rate. The company operated on Just-In-Time Technology with no inventory and warehouses. Orders of global customers are processed on real time and payment is safe for these customers. Alibabas innovative online platform and digital marketing tool enables the company to connect with global customers in more than 200 countries (Madsen Walker, 2015). Virgin Group The Virgin Group is a British company and was founded by Richard Branson. The group invests in five core sectors like Financial Services, Travel and Leisure, Telecoms and Media, Music and Entertainment and Health and Wellness. The group is a venture capital conglomerate and has achieved excellence in business since its inception in the year 1989. The group is headquartered in City of Westminster. The group also has family owned ventures like Virgin Car and accomplished several successful business like Virgin Airlines, Virgin Cruises, Virgin Records and Virgin media. The company is chosen to study its unique business model of diversification (VIRGIN GROUP, 2017). In the year 2014, the net worth of Virgin Group was estimated to be around 5 billion British pounds. The company has achieved this outstanding position in the market with its innovative business model .The founder Richard Branson founded Student Magazine and Virgin Records which gained huge popularity. After 10 years of success, the company ventured into airline business with the foundation of Virgin Airlines. The Virgin group has 200-300 brands. How Virgin Group Has Achieved Its Current Position In The Market The founder of the company -Richard Bransons agile business style is the main reason behind the success of the group. He has high risk tolerance, and iterates ideas rapidly and is extremely graceful in shutting down a failure. He protects his business from downsides before venturing into a new business (Dhliwayo, 2014). Business-Model Of Virgin Airlines The business model of the company is a generic conglomerate and keiretsu. At times the company simply licenses its brand, like Virgin Records. The company has diversified into different sectors and runs under one brand name The Virgin. The single brand name enables the company to retain its brand image and customer perceived value. The company is extremely customer-centric (Block et al., 2015). This enables the founder to survive in the industry since more than 50 years. The feedbacks from customers are taken and necessary changes are incorporated in the service sectors business of the company, like Virgin Atlantic airlines. The company has diversified into more than 300 brands but all these brands are centered across its five core sectors- like Financial Services, Travel and Leisure, Telecoms and Media, Music and Entertainment and Health and Wellness (Eden Ackermann, 2013). The company has strong network of investors. The company is an investor in technology-focused ventures and has invested in more than 35 technology ventures. The company gains long term capital appreciation by its innovative investment schemes (Gamble Thompson, 2014). Cage Framework Virgin group is a global company and before venturing into global market the company analyzes the Culture, Administrative, Geographic and Economic factors of a particular country. For instance, the British company has its popular airline in Australia Virgin Australia. The company has studied the Australian market well, has analyzed all macro business environment factors and applied the CAGE framework before beginning its airline operation in the country (Bereznoi, 2015). The successful implementation of CAGE framework makes the business model innovative for the company and helps the company to implement the environmental changes of a particular country in its model while operating in that country. Reference Lists Alibaba. (2017).alibabagroup.com/en/global/home. Retrieved 8 September 2017, from https://www.alibabagroup.com/en/global/home Bereznoi, A. (2015). Business model innovation in corporate competitive strategy.Problems of economic transition,57(8), 14-33. Block, J. H., Kohn, K., Miller, D., Ullrich, K. (2015). Necessity entrepreneurship and competitive strategy.Small Business Economics,44(1), 37-54. Dhliwayo, S. (2014). Entrepreneurship and competitive strategy: An integrative approach.The Journal of Entrepreneurship,23(1), 115-135. Eden, C., Ackermann, F. (2013).Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Gamble, J. E., Thompson Jr, A. A. (2014).Essentials of strategic management. Irwin Mcgraw-Hill. Gamble, J. E., Thompson Jr, A. A. (2014).Essentials of strategic management. Irwin Mcgraw-Hill. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Madsen, T. L., Walker, G. (2015).Modern competitive strategy. McGraw Hill. VIRGIN GROUP. (2017).virgin.com/. Retrieved 8 September 2017, from https://www.virgin.com

Peace and Justice

While conflict, used interchangeably with a clash or violence, refers to a state of opposition between people, views, or objectives, violence â€Å"†¦is any condition that prevents a human being from achieving her or his full potential† (Cortright 7). The issue of conflicts has become a daily subject as cases of killings, bombings, and assassinations continue to occur at an alarming level. Racial, color, religious, tribal and economic differences are the major fuels behind conflicts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Peace and Justice specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Peace, on the other hand, refers to the prevailing conditions in the absence of conflicts and violence. As clashes continue to persist around the globe, playwrights, among other people, have resolved into addressing the issue, the causes, effects, and the possible solutions. According to Terry George, the director of the famous Hotel Rwanda film, the world is yearning for people who can courageously campaign for peace and justice. Hotel Rwanda, the fascinating composition of Terry George, brings to light the most horrifying upshots, as contemporary history unfolds. It features both tribal and religious conflicts as they occurred during the 1994 Rwandan genocide. It is a sensitive account of the Hutus of Rwanda, whose genocide campaigns saw the death of thousands of the marginalized Tutsis, upon whom the departed Belgian colonizers had bestowed power. Revolving around a prominent hotel in Kigali, George features Don Cheadle as the manager of the hotel and a representative of the majority Hutus, the wealthy tribe that enjoys majority of the country’s resources. His wife stands in for the minority Tutsis. She is the least happy as she watches her people suffer harassments and severe beatings. She pleads to her husband to help them despite being a Hutu. As the violence intensifies, killings of the Tutsi begin based on race, religion, and social status. As the European clients and staff force their way out of the country, Paul becomes in charge of the visitor’s hotel. He cannot tolerate the mass killings anymore and therefore opts to transform the hotel into a refugee camp for the Tutsis, a step that his Hutu people perceive as betrayal. However, from this courageous step, he ends up preserving the lives of at least 1238 Tutsi people. However, the director qualifies in his good way of demonstrating peace and justice, as this is his objective. The aforementioned subject of conflicts and violence dominates the movie. Nevertheless, efforts of nurturing peace and justice still stand out. The director features both tribal and religious conflicts as observed, not only in Rwanda, but also in the world allover. The majority Hutus clash with the minority Tutsis claiming, â€Å"We are the majority. Tutsis are the minority. Hutus must kill all the Tutsis†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (George). From these words, the director brings to light death as one of the many the consequences of conflicts.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The singling out of a Paul from his people, Hutus, to bring salvation to the minority Tutsis is subject to discussion. As Paul struggles to foster peace among the Tutsis, he is welcomes conflicts from the other side, who view him as a traitor, validating Cortright’s words that â€Å"Peace does not mean the absence of conflicts† (7). Patriotism is more than love for ones country. It entails the willingness and sacrifice of ones own people. According to this theory, Paul is a traitor, rather than a patriot and is subject to a stern punishment. However, the director strategically presents Paul’s bold step of going against the majority, who are never right, to picture him as an epitome of the few who are able to stand for peace and justice , not based on gender, tribe, and religion, to quote a few. Hotel Rwanda qualifies in driving home the point that, if one person could single him/herself out of the action of the majority, the peace, justice, love, and harmony could carry the day. This film will prove relevant in the coming weeks because the students will find it easy to understand the subject about conflicts and violence. This must-watch film presents a good way of demonstrating peace and justice. Works Cited Cortright, David. Peace: A History of Movements and Ideas. Cambridge University Press, 2008. George, Terry, dir. Hotel Rwanda. Lions Gate Films, 2004. Film This essay on Peace and Justice was written and submitted by user Nova Weber to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ten ways to practice self care at work

Ten ways to practice self care at work When you hear the phrase â€Å"self-care,† you might think of personal things like meditation, indulging in something decadent, yoga, a spa day, or taking time for a good book. But when you think about how much of your time you spend at work, it makes sense to broaden that definition of self-care to include your professional, hardworking self as well. Here are 10 ways you can help expand your self care regimen into your workday. 1. Set boundaries This can be one of the hardest things to do (gotta answer that 10 p.m. email!), but when work bleeds over into other aspects of your life, it can be a major source of stress. Start by setting no-work zones in your life, whether that’s not checking email on a Saturday, or turning off your phone by a certain time every evening. 2. Make your desk a zen space.A clean, organized desk can reduce stress as well, and help put you in a good working headspace. Whether that means completely Kondo-ing your desk or simply deciding whether y ou need a ton of paper files instead of a digital archive, getting stuff out of your line of vision can help you feel more organized and on top of things. 3. Take walk breaksBeing deskbound can lead to all sorts of health issues, like back pain, weight gain, and plain old stress. If you can, schedule little breaks where you get up and walk around. If you can’t go outside, a loop around your office will do. Plus, you’ll have the extra incentive to be more social if you’re circulating. 4. Rethink your lunch hourYour lunch hour doesn’t have to be just about lunch. Think of it as a â€Å"free period,† like back in school. Eating is key (hey, it’s in the name), but think about how to maximize your time. If your gym is nearby, consider a quick workout. Go out and grab a coffee. Find a quiet spot and meditate. Whatever helps you recharge for the afternoon, consider it part of your lunch routine. 5. Be a social butterflyHow many people do you work w ith that you’d consider a friend, not just an acquaintance who happens to be in the same place for 40 hours a week? Being more proactive about saying â€Å"hi† as you pass someone in the hall or waiting for coffee can help you make inroads with coworkers. It may seem like awkward chitchat at first, but making time to talk with people can help make your work relationships more fulfilling. 6. Be proactive about what you needFeeling overwhelmed? Bored because you need more challenging work? Have a simmering conflict with a boss or coworker? If you want to make sure you’re taking care of yourself, it’s important to be proactive and attack issues as they come up. This is not to say you should be hyper-aggressive about everything that doesn’t feel like it’s going your way, but if you take an active approach to evaluating and fixing issues, it can boost your confidence, productivity, and general satisfaction levels at work. 7. Stay hydratedThis is a self-care strategy that works in every walk of life. And at work, it can be especially hard to remember to stay hydrated, since you may not be especially active while you’re working during the day. Investing in a water bottle and keeping it topped off throughout the day, can help you build good hydration practices instead of turning to coffee, soda, or other drinks that should be kept in moderation. 8. Go analog at least once a dayHow much of your day is spent staring at a screen? Every day, set aside some time to do tasks that require you to look away from your computer and phone. Maybe it’s writing down a task list for the day. Maybe it’s jotting down notes ahead of a meeting to gather your thoughts. Our digital tools are very handy, but they also cause eye strain. It does your eyes and your brain good to get a break from screentime every once in a while. Your email will be waiting when you come back a few minutes later, don’t worry. 9. Dress the part You know the old saying, â€Å"dress for the job you want†? I’d expand that to be dress for the work life you want. Wear things that make you feel confident and ready to go. Taking a little extra care with your outfit in the morning can help boost your mood throughout the day. 10. Set challenges for yourselfOne of the most lethal threats to productivity is boredom. Regularly set realistic challenges for yourself. Try building a new professional skill that can help you later on with a promotion. Learn how a particular process at your company works that you’ve always been curious about. Set a goal of reading a certain number of industry-related articles per week. Whatever will keep you focused and engaged, add it to the list!We spend so much of our time working. With the stresses and monotony of the work day, it’s easy to lose sight of the things that will make us happier. You have the power to make your work day smoother and more fulfilling, so it is defin itely worth the effort.

Crystallization Definition

Crystallization Definition Crystallization is the solidification of atoms or molecules into a highly structured form called a crystal. Usually, this refers to the slow precipitation of crystals from a solution of a substance. However, crystals can form from a pure melt or directly from deposition from the gas phase. Crystallization can also refer to the solid-liquid separation and purification technique in which mass transfer occurs from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase. Although crystallization may occur during precipitation, the two terms are not interchangeable. Precipitation simply refers to the formation of an insoluble (solid) from a chemical reaction. A precipitate may be amorphous or crystalline. The Process of Crystallization Two events must occur for crystallization to occur. First, atoms or molecules cluster together on the microscopic scale in a process called nucleation. If the clusters become stable and sufficiently large, crystal growth may occur. Atoms and compounds can generally form more than one crystal structure (polymorphism). The arrangement of particles is determined during the nucleation stage of crystallization. This may be influenced by multiple factors, including temperature, the concentration of the particles, pressure, and the purity of the material. In a solution in the crystal growth phase, an equilibrium is established in which solute particles dissolve back into the solution and precipitate as a solid. If the solution is supersaturated, this drives crystallization because the solvent cannot support continued dissolving. Sometimes having a supersaturated solution is insufficient to induce crystallization. It may be necessary to provide a seed crystal or a rough surface to start nucleation and growth. Examples of Crystallization A material may crystallize either naturally or artificially and either quickly or over geological timescales. Examples of natural crystallization include: Snowflake formationCrystallization of honey in a jarStalactite and stalagmite formationGemstone crystal deposition Examples of artificial crystallization include: Growing sugar crystals in a jarProduction of synthetic gemstones Crystallization Methods There are many methods used to crystallize a substance. To a large degree, these depend on whether the starting material is an ionic compound (e.g., salt), covalent compound (e.g., sugar or menthol), or a metal (e.g., silver or steel). Ways of growing crystals include: Cooling a solution or meltEvaporating solventAdding a second solvent to reduce the solubility of the soluteSublimationSolvent layeringAdding another cation or anion The most common process is to dissolve the solute in a solvent in which it is at least partially soluble. Often the temperature of the solution is increased to increase solubility so the maximum amount of solute goes into solution. Next, the warm or hot mixture is filtered to remove undissolved material or impurities. The remaining solution (the filtrate) is allowed to slowly cool to induce crystallization. The crystals may be removed from the solution and allowed to dry or else washed using a solvent in which they are insoluble. If the process is repeated to increase the purity of the sample, it is called recrystallization. The rate of cooling of the solution and the amount of evaporation of the solvent can greatly impact the size and shape of the resulting crystals. Generally, slower is better: slowly cool the solution and minimize evaporation.

Not sure it is about media study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Not sure it is about media study - Essay Example 76). Althusser’s then considered that class is never inherent but instead culturally created, and individual desires, attitude, behaviours and choices are creation of ideology. Furthermore, he argued that ideology controls people via despotic state machineries built in ideological state devices, and as such, it is impossible to conceive a structure of images plus objects whose connotations can exist separately of language. Althusser’s observes that ideology interpellates existing individuals as material subjects through pre-existing classes comprising the subject (Montag, 2003, p. 45). Foucault, on the other hand observes ideology as an intolerable concept of universal judiciousness, which are based on subjectivity (Mills, 2012, p. 64). Foucault scepticism on ideology is based on his belief that dissimilar rationalities are composed in historical structures. Thus, he mystifies power due to its emphasis on universal truth. Foucault asserts that, subjectivity is the validation of a progression, and it is rather provisional leading to subject(s) (Ransom, 2008, p. 4). To Foucault subjectivities are rather multiple instead of being unified even as it fluctuates instead of being fixed, per se, subjects are socially constituted. Hence, subjectivity possesses a permanent provocation to the discourse or conversation which defines it (Strozier, 2002, p. 21). On the other hand, Althusser’s defines subjectivity as the roles, characteristics or subject possessed by individuals, and willingly undertake in response to an ideology. Thus, according to Althusser’s, su bjectivity is the hub of initiatives, an author of, along with being responsible for its actions. Therefore, an individual is for all time a subject, even before he or she is born (Ferretter, 2012, p. 88). The aim of this paper is to discuss the statement that language is always already ideological,

Research and analyze an organization's 3BL and Stakeholders Paper

And analyze an organization's 3BL and Stakeholders - Research Paper Example Triple Bottom Line Analysis Profit In late 2012, 3M announced that, consistent with its marketplace presence and relevance building strategy, they would start aligning management and resources towards 5 groups of business including energy and electronics, safety and graphics, healthcare, industrial, and consumer. The conglomerate’s operation results have been managed based on the segment structure in existence throughout the year 2012. 3M results will be managed under this alignment on its coming into full effect by mid-2013. The conglomerate’s net income for 2012’s fourth quarter was $991 million compared to 2011’s fourth quarter net income of $954 million (Gibson 83). 4th quarter sales for 2012 increased by 4.2% to 47.4 billion from 2011, while there was a 4.3% growth in organic sales in local currency (Gibson 83). In this growth of organic local currency sales, the office and consumer segment led with an 8.7% growth; with increase in growth for office a nd stationery supplies, home improvement construction markets, and consumer healthcare. Graphics and display grew by 8.3% in organic local currency sales; with an increase in sales for commercial graphics, traffic safety systems, architectural markets, and optical systems (Gibson 84). In healthcare, the same grew by 5.9%, particularly in oral care, wound care, health information systems, and food safety. While transportation grew by 3.9% and communication and electronics grew by 1.8%, protection, security, and safety declined by 1.7%. For the entire 2012, 3M’s income stood at $4.444 billion in comparison to $4.283 in 2011, which was an increase of 6%. Sales also increased by 1% to 29.9% in 2012 as organic currency sales also increased by 2.6% aided by a 0.8% increase to sales, although currency effects saw a 2.4% reduction year-on-year (Gibson 85). From these results, it is clear that 3M is a highly profitable company that has seen growth in a period directly following the gl obal recession. Planet The first set of environmental goals released by 3M was in 1990 and since this period, they have managed to cut emission of Greenhouse gases worldwide by over 72%, a reduction by 96% of volatile organic compound emissions, and an 82% decrease in the use of energy (Bogdan 76). In line with this, the company has set new goals that they expect to reach by 2014. These goals include a reduction of 15% in volatile air emissions indexed to net sales from base year 2010, a 10% reduction in waste production indexed to net sales from base year 2010, and an increase in energy efficiency of 25% indexed to net sales from base year 2005 (Bogdan 76). In addition, 3M expects to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by 5% indexed to net sales from base year 2006 by 2013 and the development of plans to conserve water where the company is located in water stressed areas with water scarcity. Since the inception of their new goals in 2005/2006, 3M has seen an 8.6% decrease in volat ile organic compounds, a well as a 9.2% waste reduction. They have also seen a 32% increase in energy efficiency, a 55% reduction in greenhouse gases, and a 100% development of their plans to conserve

How Technology is changing our online life Essay Example for Free

How Technology is changing our online life Essay It is hard to imagine life without email nowadays. The only efficient means of communication, with efficient meaning that the message is delivered within seconds, is either through the cellular phone or through email via the internet. It is even more impossible to imagine how people could work under circumstances that denied them access to the latest communication technologies or even technology at all. Yet somehow, there was really a time when people where not at the beck and call of their cellular phones and a time when nobody really felt the urge to keep checking the mailbox every five minutes for fear of missing an email. There was a time when people actually drove to the store or entered a store and talked with the attendants before buying something. Ordering shoes and bags or other electronic items was done by going to a shop and not by going online and surfing online as it is done today. Friends and lovers were met and made by going to social functions and parties instead of by checking out somebody’s myspace profile or advertising on online personals. While those practices are still being done by certain individuals, the growth of the internet and the wide array of services that it offers have dramatically altered the manner by which people interact with one another and also the manner by which individuals lead their daily lives. The convenience and accessibility that the internet offers makes it an ideal replacement for all the previous time and energy consuming endeavors. With the number of people who are connected to the internet growing everyday, it is but a natural consequence that more and more services are being offered online ranging from dating, shopping, research and entertainment. In understanding how this newfound online lifestyle has changed our lives, it is important to understand the lures that are online that make it such a tempting alternative to doing this the time consuming and energy expending tasks. The internet provides everything online. Everything a person can desire or want is available online. Romance can be found through chatting or through online personals while intrigue can also be found on popular blog spots. Food is readily available for order online and so are clothes and other items. In short, there is nothing that cannot be found online and all a person needs to do is point and click. This is the lure of the online life and this is the reason why more and more people are leading the online life. It is convenient. It is time saving. It does not require one to expend a lot of energy. In certain cases, it also allows a person to work more efficiently and become more productive. From the standpoint of privacy, the internet offers virtual anonymity to anybody who goes online. All of this is offered online thanks to the great improvements in electronic and communications technology. As the developments in the electronics and communications technology continues to improve and advance, it will no longer be far off to imagine a world where nobody is walking the streets and everyone is hooked up to their computers interacting with each other in a world where they can be their own gods and dictate their own destinies without even breaking a sweat. Instead of just seeing an image of another person online, it may actually be possible to experience the sensation of feeling and touching that person. This all may just be future talk but one thing is certain. Today’s society has become so dependent on the benefits that technology has brought in making online life possible that we have come to a point of no return where we can no longer imagine life without it. If you think otherwise, turn off your cellular phone and unhook the jack of your computer and see how long you can survive without it.

The pearl Essay -- essays research papers

The Pearl In the novel, The Pearl, by John Steinbeck, we meet Kino, his wife, Juana and their baby, Coyotitio. Kino’s family lives in a grass hut in the poor, fishing village of La Paz, Mexico in the 1920’s. Their lives are disrupted when a vicious scorpion bites Coyotito. The only way that they can get help were they live is to have enough money to pay the local doctor. Kino goes pearl diving and discovers a pearl that is worth â€Å"millions.† It appears that Kino has gone from having nothing to being able to get whatever his dreams desire. But in literature, as in life, things are not always as they appear to be, and the pearl ends up bringing them things that they never expected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kino has lived a hard life. He works hard and gets very little out of it. His fa...

Evans Heather Hbs

What are the key factors for the success of this business? Answer No 1: Heather Evans, a Harvard Business School graduate, had major interest in the fashion industry; as she had some background in the same industry, where she worked as a financial analyst at â€Å"Morgan Stanley' and as an assistant to a designer clothing firm. Because of the experience gained, she was sure and truly convinced that she could run a dress company.The main aim of heather Evans was to create a company that design clothing line for professional women who better fits their life-style, Its focus was to ell high-priced, high-quality dress-and- Jacket combinations for women, ages 27 to 45. Heather Evans has accomplished what she dreamt of, heather Evans label Is now serving accessories, leisure clothing, and office-wear for a different, wider customer group, and all at low-price. Few factors were very Important that lead Heather towards accomplishment. When she started her business It was an unmet and fast g rowing market. He recognized the need for a new look for professional women. She knew very well, the needs of those business women which she was targeting. She had an understanding of the appropriate limits in the formal office environments. She used her experience to encourage her customers. Another eve important factor was the increasing number of professional women who contributed to both, their own growth and to the growth of the market. She gave her customer choices depending upon their requirements in clothing. Social trends had also changed; more women had inclined towards working in offices.She conceived a style of clothing, based primarily on dresses, which better fitted the life style of professional women. Heather Evans collection contained clothes appropriate for the conservative workplace, unlike other designers. She also gained confidence of the target market through identifying her own background with their lives. She also worked as a model at fords, so she had the ex perience to project herself through the media. Last but not the least competition was also considerably beneficial to Heather Evans.Question No 2: What are the possible risks that you can foresee for Heather Evans? Answer No 2: The possible risks that I can foresee for Heather Even are: 1. Design risk: The risk associated with the design process was that, the design process took 9 months, which was a long period. Which might delay the production process and it might also stuck all the further stages required for the manufacturing of other lines 2. Financial risk: To start a business, it is very necessary to get loans, and getting loans Isn't an easy lob.Arranging loan for a new business Is quite a tough Job. 3. Sales risk: Ms. Evans cannot accurately predict future sales growth further than the Introductory period because people might not Like the design or the quality of the outfit. 4. Inflation risk: With the Increase in inflation, the prices of all the other things associated wit h her business will also rise. Inflation risk Is a major risk for her business that can affect her pricing strategy. 5. Liquidity Risk: The risk of ululation of the company Is also present, where she can lose more than what she has Invested. 6.Environment uncertainty risk: Changes In the general trend and reduction In the number of business women can affect the company's revenue. 7. Seasonal risk: Because of the season collection, seen NAS nylon rills escalated Walt near Dustless, Owe to ten season hang, she has less time to sell her clothes and when the season is about to end she would have to start the clearance sale which will reduce her profit. 8. Market risk: Any change in trend cab cause problems for the business of heather Evans, as her business is based on fashion industry, and she designs clothes keeping in mind the current trends.And the presence of competitors following the same strategy can also cause trouble for her. Strengths. W. O. T. Passion – a prerequisite f or any successful entrepreneur. Education – strong Harvard education as well as experience in industry. Successful first year – nothing better for an investor than a product that is already successful and already has orders for the next season. Investors have reinvested the profits, showing support of the company S. Weaknesses. O. T. Business plan – simply doubling the numbers is not sufficient. Bank financing and personally guaranteeing loans may cause desperate situation.Rushing the design process may cause quality of clothes to deteriorate. By not sharing work load, causes doubt as to whether company is scalable. S. W. Opportunities. T. Much market attention and future sales. High demand offers possibility of expansion With all the cash flow from sales/reinvestment, opportunity to grow. Investors pushing for new hires, opportunity to ask for more investment. S. W. O. Threat. Fashion industry is fickle, what is â€Å"in† one year may not be the next. Lo w entry barriers to enter the fashion industry. Would you be on her board and what advice would you give her?Team Platy would choose not to be on Heather Evans' board. Before accepting her offer, we would ask her to please let go some control of the company. Her micromanagement may make ere comfortable with the quality of the product but would hinder the scalability of it. If she feels is comfortable with delegating some work, she can focus on growing the company. Will the second line be as successful or more successful than the first? It is impossible to tell with certainty whether the second line will be as/more/less successful than the first because the nature of the fashion industry.However, it can be inferred that because of the hastened design planning, the product may not be as fashionable as the first line. Even with a successful first line in the department store, he clothes will not sell as well if they are not fashionable. What is section 1244 stock and why have it? Secti on 1244 stock allows losses from the sale of shares of small domestic corporations to be deducted as ordinary losses instead of as capital losses to a maximum of 50,000 for individual tax returns and 100,000 for Joint returns. This would be useful as it could reduce the tax liabilities of the company.How important is networking and why? In business, networking is infinitely important. Nothing is out of your reach if you nave developed a strong network AT Eternal, colleagues, Ana Dustless partners. Everyone has their own network they have built up over the years that you cannot even imagine. Then by what many call â€Å"chance† or â€Å"luck† you get connected to someone you have been looking for or a Job offer or recommendation you have been trying to get. In this case specifically, it would benefit Heather because she does not have any of the top As.Networking will give her a support system of allies as well as grow her knowledge of the industry. She will soon find ou t that fashion is about headlines and if you don't have the capital to buy the headlines, you have to know somebody who does. How important was the business plan? The business plan is important when used in appropriate situations, such as fleshing out the idea. More important is the feasible study done in order to complete a high quality business plan. In Heather's case, it is important she not feel tied down to her original business plan.Was Heather successful? Depending on how â€Å"successful† is defined, Team Platy would say that Heather was not yet successful. Although she proved she can handle the industry with a profitable year, it depends on what she does with her accomplishment before she can be defined as successful Ninny Eyeless ) Heather Evans is a smart, hard-working individual with a great business sense, and she has a keen understanding of the fashion industry from working as a model and as an assistant to the president of a woman's clothing company.Combining t hese talents, Heather Evans was able to spot an undeserved market estimated at $5 billion annually with significant growth prospects. Subsequently, Heather Evans is hoping to raise enough capital to launch a line of clothing to serve the 4. 3 million women in a professional environments who would be primes candidates for a fashion label that is both functional and stylish. While Heather Evans has a great idea, there is a significant amount of work to be done before she can get her company off the ground.Heather Evans has been bootstrapping the business so far but desperately wants to take the company to the next level. In order to get the first collection out of the door, she needs to find investors to finance her operations. Subsequently the most important task she is faced with is reviewing the various financing options that are available and deciding on an option that is suitable for her specific company at its current stage. Concurrently, Heather Evans needs to assemble he key m embers of the management team to assist in guiding the company through its infancy.Fortunately, Heather Evans has a strong network from business school and colleagues from the investment banking and fashion industry which should serve to provide a pool of individuals whom she can select from that share the same vision and passion for her business. The overall concept of the business is straight forward. Heather Evans' company plans to offer a â€Å"designer† line to fit the life-style of professional women. However, accomplishing a successful launch of this type of venture Is dependent upon several Key Doctors. Hrs an

The best place to live in the world – Montenegro

There are many beautiful places in the world that offer people a nice and comfortable life, regardless of some minor problems that exist even in the most developed countries in the world. One of those places where life is pleasant is Montenegro. Actually, it is not one of the nice places, but it is the best place to live among all of those beautiful places. Montenegro was a republic of former Yugoslavia, and it recently became a part of a new state called Serbia and Montenegro. Although it is a small place with about six hundred thousands people living there, Montenegro has everything that a big place can offer for living. Its schools, hospitals, public transportation, and various institutions that are important for making life comfortable are all organized as in any other developed country. But what this place distinguishes from all other places in the world are the following characteristics: climate, seaside, nature, sustainable development, mountains, and many other important factors that determine the attractiveness of Montenegro. The climate is the most significant factor that makes the life in Montenegro unique. There are all of the four seasons throughout a year. Winter, spring, summer and autumn are all equally important seasons. The whiteness of snow and the fresh air of a winter day, the exhilarating feeling of spring and melting of the white cover in spring time, the constant sunshine in summer, and the calm yellow color of falling leaves in autumn are all factors that determine the physical and the mental health of people. For example, winter brings fresh air and various snow sports can be played at this time to improve the physical condition, while the colors of spring can affect our mood and determine ones mental state. Although it seems that one place having four seasons is a widespread appearance, it is not the case very often. Many places have only one season, and many of them have two seasons, usually summer and winter combined. Definitely, the splendor and benefits of all of the four seasons cannot be replaced by any other advantage that any place in the world can offer to its citizens. Furthermore, the beautiful Montenegro is set on the Adriatic coast. All its beaches have kept their natural beauty; there is no artificial sand as it is the case with many famous beaches all over the world. The beaches vary from very long to quite small. Some of the largest reach up to three kilometers. Some of the main advantages of the long beaches are that entrance on these beaches is always free, price of food and beverage is lower, and the offer of sport and entertainment programs is wider. On the other hand, the small beaches can offer more privacy. Business people who want to escape from everyday duties and responsibilities, and who want to spend their holiday in a peaceful environment usually visit these more expensive and serene beaches. In addition, Montenegro has some very small beaches that are very difficult to reach, or they can be reached only by boat. They offer an extra quiet holiday for only a couple of people who want to be in a complete isolation. Thus the advantage of Montenegrin seaside is that there are different kinds of beaches created to meet needs of different people. Moreover, there are many foreign investors who recognized the potential of Montenegrin cost for tourism, and whose investments should make the cost even more attractive. Since the core consequence of the investments would be increased population (because of newly build facilities), the conservation of the environment could be in question. In order to protect nature from the consequences of the new investments, the government of Montenegro issued some regulations that protect natural beauties of Montenegro. Therefore, one of the main conditions for the foreign investors who want to invest in development of the tourism was not to destroy nature, but to make it better and more attractive. The investors will have to find out new ways of maintaining water, air, beaches and parks clean and unpolluted while building new facilities and bringing tourists into Montenegro. These environmental regulations are very significant because they help sustainable development of this wonderful place. Beside fabulous seaside, Montenegro has two mountains. On one of them, there is a ski center that is visited not only by domestic visitors, but by foreign tourists as well. The domestic guests benefit a lot from having the ski center in Montenegro. First of all, they do not have to travel abroad in wintertime when the trip can be unpleasant because of wet and slick roads. Than, prices are much lower than anywhere abroad, which allows people to stay longer for the same amount of money than they would stay anywhere else. Also, because of the convenient climate in wintertime, the quality of snow is mostly excellent, which means that artificial snow is never used. That is very important for skiers (especially for professionals), because quality of snow directly affect quality of skiing. To sum up, Montenegro is definitely the best place to live in the world. Some of the convincing reasons have already been mentioned, but there are many of them that could be further discussed and used as the supporting material. This small place that offers everything needed for pleasant and comfortable life, say enough for itself. Whoever visits it or comes to live there is amazed by its gorgeousness, and wish to stay to live there. Therefore, I have not been trying to convince readers that Montenegro is the best place, but to convince them to visit it. Once they visit it, the people will have their own opinion that can be nothing else but that Montenegro is the best place on earth.

The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Bush doctrine essay part 2Essay Writing Service

The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Bush doctrine essay part 2Essay Writing Service The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Bush doctrine essay part 2 The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Bush doctrine essay part 2The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Bush doctrine essay part  1The Major Weaknesses of the Bush Doctrine  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Bush Doctrine is criticized for its weaknesses. Although the Bush Doctrine is aimed at the sort of the democratic peace worldwide, there is some negative aspect of this approach because â€Å"the Bush Doctrine holds that aggressive democratizing wars can be fought in order to spread democracy and bring about the democratic peace† (Fiala, 2008, p.11). This fact means that wars are considered to be the major tool for the establishment of the democratic peace worldwide. Many researchers suggest that the Bush Doctrine contributed to the creation of the so-called â€Å"just war myth†, which is used in political life, encouraging the established American military traditions and encouraging people to think that â€Å"wars are noble adventures that produce good ou tcomes†(Fiala, 2008, p.11). However, in real life, wars are considered to be horrible events, which lead to deaths and sufferings. The Bush Doctrine is focused on offensive policy rather than a defensive one. According to researchers, the Bush Doctrine defines the US right to start wars as the legitimate right to provide national security, although it is focused on war actions (Fiala, 2008; Jervis, 2003).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Besides, many critics of the Bush Doctrine argue that it represents a highly ambitious conception of the U.S. foreign policy, which may cause damage to American society (Jervis, 2003). Researchers are based on the idea that the Bush Doctrine creates a â€Å"period of great threat and great opportunity†, because the doctrine’s principles call not only for the assertion of American power, but also for the expansion of American power, establishing hegemony in the   in world of political economy (Jervis, 2003). Robert Je rvis (2003) believes that the assertion and expansion of American power is not likely to succeed at the global level.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, the Bush Doctrine is unsustainable. Robert Jervis states that despite some successes of the Bush Doctrine, it cannot be fully sustained because it generates a number of serious internal contradictions. The Bush Doctrine requires establishing a more sustained and more effective domestic support than is possible under such conditions (Duncan et al., 2008). It becomes clear that the Bush Doctrine makes demands on intelligence in the U.S context, placing too much faith in democracy and democratic principles. Thus, it appears to be overly ambitious, focusing on the addressing many complex issues. Robert Jervis argues that it will rather difficult to â€Å"construct a replacement foreign policy† (Jervis, 2005, p.370).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, the Bush Doctrine is criticized by cons ervatives on two fundamental grounds, including the lack of assertiveness in its implementation and the failure to anticipate and effectively address the post-Saddam occupation. Conservatives criticize the Bush Administration for letting â€Å"Syria and Iran get away with encouraging terrorist infiltration into Iraq†(Renshon, 2010, p. 28). As the Bush Doctrine is recognized as a set of various strategic premises of the U.S. government to establish peace in the world, it provides different approaches to dealing with the so-called â€Å"axis of evil†, including three aggressive states Iran, Iraq and North Korea. Stanley A. Renshon (2010) suggests that â€Å"critics point to the different treatment these states received as evidence of the Doctrine’s inconsistency† (p. 29).   Iran, Iraq and North Korea are dictatorships, which cannot be explained by the Bush Doctrine because of confusion about the key elements of it.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚   In fact, there are many examples that demonstrate the failures of the Bush Doctrine. These examples prove the limits of American power at the global level. According to critics of the Bush Doctrine, this policy â€Å"disrupts the balance of power by advocating that the United States use its military force unilaterally and preventively without international support for military action†(Duncan et al., 2008, p. 154).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, the Bush Doctrine provides vague policy on the war on terrorism. According to this policy, terrorism is represented as a method that refers to the implementation of the military strategy at the global level (Duncan et al., 2008).   The enemy is defined based on ideology. According to researchers, â€Å"the adversary is a worldwide radical Islamic insurgency comprising ideological Islamic militants, not an enemy, called â€Å"terrorism† (Duncan et al., 2008, p. 154). Besides, the Bush Doctrine vio lates the established and accepted international obligations, international treaties, which guarantee peace. Actually, the United States failed to gain international acceptance of this doctrine. The United States advocated preventive military attacks, as well as unilateral action, without international support (Duncan et al., 2008).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the vague examples of the Bush Doctrine that can be assessed as a failure of the doctrine is â€Å"justification of the U.S. attack and occupation of Iraq, which has dramatically alienated Muslims across the globe and decentralized the world† (Duncan et al., 2008, p. 154). As a result, the Bush Doctrine failed to organize and promote the unification of the international community to address and fight radical Islamism (Bonyanian, 2009). Many countries of the Muslim world have developed the so-called anti-US policy of sentimentalism (Yasmeen, 2006; Duncan et al., 2008). Anti-Muslim biases presented in the doctrine violate the established international relations (Yasmeen, 2006). Many critics would agree that the U.S occupation of Afghanistan is a part of the U.S. foreign policy that is directed on the neutralization of Muslim states across the globe. The Bush Doctrine confuses terrorism with the struggle for freedom (Yasmeen, 2006). The response of the international community to the U.S. invasion of Iraq was negative because it provided a critique of the Bush Doctrine. The U.S. was accused of the unilateral use of preemption (Weaver, 2009).Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that the Bush Doctrine has been developed as a new policy to provide support to the U.S right to engage in preemptive war against both terrorist groups and rough states that produce weapons of mass destruction, assisting terrorists. The Bush Doctrine is portrayed by the National Security Strategy as a logical continuation of the widely accepted Cold War s trategy of nuclear deterrence, which is closely connected with emerging threats of spreading terrorism. The Bush Doctrine has both strengths and weaknesses. In general, the Bush Doctrine is focused on promoting democracy, attacking the states that support terrorists and implementing preemptive strikes that contribute to the future of American foreign policy and national defense policy. However, the Bush Doctrine violates a set of accepted international obligations, international treaties, which guarantee peace globally. As a result, the Bush Doctrine has led to development of anti-Americanism in the Muslim world that comes from the increased U.S. violence.

Century Music Study Guide

Chopin (1809-1848) He often wrote some nationalism pieces such as a Mazurka that sounds like a Polish folk dance. He kept composing music until a few months before he died of tuberculosis. His music is made for solo piano. Wagner (1813-1883) A German who was a very controversial composer. HIS operas often included social and political ideas as he was openly anti-Semitic and his music was later used as Nazi propaganda. He built his own opera house in Bayreuth where he would put on performances of three operas.He didnt consider his operas to be operas but rather music dramas. Catchalls (1829-1869) He was an American composer and virtuoso pianist who was best known as a performer of his own works. Although born In New Orleans he achieved International fame. HIS musical training comes from the Paris Conservatory. Like Chopin, Catchalls also used nationalism in his music. Genres to know: Symphony Beethovens Fifth Symphony is in cyclic form which is a new form where individual movements off work are linked in some way. First few notes are fate notes.There are now extreme dynamics with the newly expanded orchestra that now Includes a piccolo and contrabass. Musical cells were played with opposed to long, flowing melodies. There Is a basic rhythmic motif In every theme. FIFO 19th century Italian opera Voices were thought to be superior and virtuosic. Showcases the voice, orchestra was used sparingly, dramatically realistic, appeals to listeners, and drama of text captured through music. Music drama The melodies were simpler to support the text and therefore the plot of the opera.In an effort to restore dramatic integrity to opera Wagers reforms include singing that was musical, yet clear, syllabic singing, less repetition in songs, sees structured flow, and the orchestra reflects the plot. Character piece A relatively short piece that captures a particular character. Solo piano work Concepts to know: Nationalism can generally be described as the result of pride in ones country Cyclic form Individual movements of a work linked in some way. The first 4 notes of this work are often referred to as the fate motive (short-short-short-long), and are said to represent fate knocking on ones door.The basic rhythmic motif (S-S-S-L) appears in every theme making it cyclic. Romanticism, and the affect of romanticism on composers Mode of thought that emerged in late 18th and early 19th centuries and placed unprecedented importance on imagination and subjectivity over reason and objectivity. The imagination and projection of individual emotions of the composers themselves took precedence over rationality and balance. Composers were seen as spiritual guides who had access to this special world. Music as political force During the Romantic era, many composers believed that composition could inspire listeners to action.There were also many uprising during his time in Europe. European populace questioned their government and political freedoms. Music was an important vehicle for expressing political sentiment. Leitmotif a brief musical phrase or idea connected dramatically to some person, ;vent, or idea in the drama Chamber music music performed in a private setting Expansion of the orchestra added the piccolo and contrabass to add range to the orchestra Questions to consider: century. Romanticism was more about how you think about art rather than a new form.The instrumental music from this era was now seen as music that could engage the imagination of listeners more directly and evoke ideas that emotions that could not be captured by words. Composers were now perceived to have a window on the infinite and the spiritual, and their social status rose accordingly. Provide examples of musicians who were both composers and virtuoso performers. Catchalls How did Wagner transform opera? How are his music dramas different from typical operas of the 19th century, such as those by Italian composers? 19th Italian Opera: voices were thought to be superior and virtuosic.Showcases the voice, orchestra was seed sparingly, dramatically realistic, appeals to listeners, and drama of text captured through music. Wagner: The melodies were simpler to support the text and therefore the plot of the opera. In an effort to restore dramatic integrity to opera Angers reforms include singing that was musical, yet clear, syllabic singing, less repetition in songs, less structured flow, and the orchestra reflects the plot. Provide some examples of nationalism in music, including pieces and composers. Chopping Mazurka in a-flat, pop. 7, no. 1. Hat are some general characteristics of 19th century music?Compare and contrast 19th century music with music from the Classic era. 19th Century: extremes explored, forms expanded, dynamics expanded, boundaries were pushed. Expanded orchestra Inch included more instruments to create more range (trombone, tube, contrabass, and piccolo). It was expressive and included nationalism. Performing composers like Beethoven, Chopin, and Catchalls. Classic Era: Approachable music for public, not virtuosic, forms established. How did 19th century music push the boundaries of musical traditions which were established in the Classic era? Provide examples.Forms were expanded such as cyclic form which didnt exist in the Classic Era. They emphasized extreme contrasts of textures between the simple and complex. They wrote music that ranged from the disarmingly simple to the fiendishly difficult, often within the course of the same Nor. They gave growing importance to program music which sometimes included exploring the darker side of human psyche. The orchestra was also expanded to enlarge the range by adding instruments such as the piccolo and contrabass. Explain the prevalence of large scale public works and smaller chamber works in the 19th century. In the 19th century there was a demand for music in the home because the Industrial Revolution increased that manufacturing of instruments which made instruments more affordable. No most households in the middle and upper class home had a piano. As a result for piano compositions and songs chamber music grew as a result. Some composers began to have music parties where they would from nationalism in which composers thought that their music could inspire the public thus performing it in front of large audiences would be most effective in getting their music across.Discuss the affect of a piano in every home on composers and music in general in the 19th century. In the 19th century there was a demand for music in the home because the Industrial Revolution increased that manufacturing of instruments which made instruments more affordable. No most households in the middle and upper class home had a piano. As a result for piano compositions and songs chamber music grew as a result. Inch made instruments more affordable. No most households in the middle and

IS Strategic Plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IS Strategic Plan - Case Study Example Key Findings 8 10. User Strategic Themes 9 Improve Service Access for its Members 9 Improve Service Access for the Community 9 Access to Information 9 Hiring of Facilities 10 10 11. IS Strategic Technology Themes 10 Updating Website 10 Reduce Paper Based Membership Applications 10 Maintain Security and Integrity of Information 10 Improve Document and Record Management 10 Adherence to Regulatory Requirements 10 News 10 Engage New and Current Members 10 12. Strategic Direction 11 13. Expenditure 11 14. Roadmap and Project Descriptions 12 14.1. Members Management 12 14.2. New Members Management 12 14.3. Committee Members Management 13 14.4. Competitors Members Management 13 14.5. Dragon Abreast Members Management 14 14.6. Community Management 14 14.7. Document and Records Management 15 14.8. Function Room Management 15 14.9. Gym Management 16 14.10. Community Management 17 14.11. Documentation Management 17 14.12. Minutes and Agenda Management 18 14.13. Gym Management 18 14.14. Functio n Room Management 19 14.15. Regulatory Management 19 15. Continuous Improvement 19 16. Program review 19 17. Appendix 1 – SWOT Analysis 20 Introduction This IS Strategy will outline key goals based on the defined assumptions. It will highlight area’s that require improvement and a solution that will assist LRC to develop and grow their organisation for many years to come.

Negotiation plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Negotiation plan - Essay Example (2005), sufficient preparation provide the opportunity to clearly describe the goals, recognition of core issues, understanding of parties involved and to assess the effectiveness of the strategies adopted for the negotiation. It is the successful preparation phase which ensures that delegation moves closer to the success as defined by the objectives of negotiation. Following is the preparation plan for negotiation of a Dairy Company XYZ with the employee union, the number of permanent and full time employees exceeds one hundred and all of them are members of this union. They approached the management with some demands and issues, several meetings were held and many issues were resolved but the parties still have differences on some of the crucial issues. Both the parties are eager to finalize the issues and differences in the upcoming meeting. As the leader of the delegation from the Dairy Company, I propose the following negotiation plan. Most of the issues including pay rates, classification structure, number o annual leaves, daily break for meal etc have been resolved in the previous meetings. Among five issues that require resolution in the next meeting include: The goal of the group is to achieve agreement on the three core issues including the life of the agreement, factors that will serve as basis for the increase in wages and hour’s roster. The union demands that the agreement should be for one year, wages should be increased according to the increase in the inflation and increase in the output from the beginning of the year 2011 to till date and roster hour should be set to 152 hours per four weeks cycle. The goals set by the group are to fix the agreement life for three years; wages should be increased with productivity rather than inflation and increase should be from the start of the agreement while the roaster hour should be flexible and company can change it on a notice of two days as compared to the five days demanded by the Union. The life

Sports commercials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sports commercials - Essay Example The next advertisement that is very successful in its marketing strategy is the Adam Oates NHL commercial. This ad is clever because it involves sexuality in the form of a woman to provoke thought. The ad uses phrases like â€Å"patrols the offensive zone,† and â€Å"loose rebounds† to compare hockey with picking up a date. This is clever on the part of the advertisers because they make hockey seem fashionable to the viewing public by contrasting scoring on the hockey field with scoring on the dating front.The next advertisement that is very successful in its marketing strategy is the Adam Oates NHL commercial. This advertisement is clever because it involves sexuality in the form of a woman to provoke thought. The ad uses phrases like â€Å"patrols the offensive zone,† and â€Å"loose rebounds† to compare hockey with picking up a date. This is clever on the part of the advertisers because they make hockey seem fashionable to the viewing public by contrast ing scoring on the hockey field with scoring on the dating front. The final advertisement that I found to really hit the mark was the â€Å"NBA Cares† campaign, which contained three different ads. In the first two ads, a vast number of professional basketball players plead with the audience to help contribute to those in need. This strategy generally works because the audience likes to think that they are on the same level as their role models. The third ad combined the use of star power with everyday fans to get its message across.

Management In Retail Asda Information Technology Essay

Management In Retail Asda Information Technology Essay The wide spread growth of business which consists of several functionalities lead to the invention of Enterprise resource planning system with better customer management system.. Also the increased use of computers and internet has encouraged many organizations to do business online. Most of the businesses try to interact with their potential and existing customers through internet via opinions on blogs, online discussion forums, and consumer product review websites. Any organization with a close consumer base like the should think how to use web 2.0 applications to enhance the business. Especially the large retail companies with large customer base should use the latest technologies like web 2.0 to be competitive and to provide better customer service. Currently many large retail organizations like many large-scale supermarkets have managed to incorporate Enterprise resource planning in to their business. Further, the customer management plays a very critical role on the success of those businesses. The organizations, which are providing excellent customer service, have better competitive advantage over the others who do similar businesses. A brief introduction about Enterprise Resource Planning, Customer service management and Web 2.0 will help the readers to understand the research better. Firstly, ERP, which is an abbreviation for Enterprise Resource Planning, which is basically an integration of business management practices and modern technology. Information Technology (IT) is integrated with the other business processes such as Human resources, Finance etc in order to achieve the business objectives of the company. ERP consists of three most important components; Business Management Practices, Information Technology and Specific Business Objectives. Moreover, it is a huge software architecture, which helps to integrate information of the functional units of large businesses that are geographically scattered. . Customer management system aimed at improving the relationship between enterprises and customers. Many companies, to learn more about the customer needs and behaviors in order to build a strong relationship with them. This process also help those companies to gather information about customers, sales, marketing effectiveness, responsiveness and market trends which will help them to be competitive in their businesses. This dissertation will critically analyse the impact of Customer Relationship Management in ASDA and to analyse the ways in which it can be successfully used to gain competitive advantage. The answer is sought through a comprehensive analysis of the retail companies such as large supermarkets that uses Information Technology and engaged in Customer Relationship Management to improve their businesses. . Further, Expert opinions in regard to this subject, through interviews and questionnaires, will be sought from those companies to suggest new ways to enhance the business opportunities by mitigating the potential risk with the use of these systems. Problem definition Based on the research done on current IT field, I found that web 2.0 is very popular between everyone. And to relate it to more practical scenario, I decided to do a research on how this can be successfully put in to practice for the improvement of information sharing. Further, customer Management, which plays a key role in those companies and to find a better method to improve the customer Management through the information sharing with the new technology like web 2.0. Research questions The following research problems and questions can be used to analyze this problem to find an effective way to solve the problems. Main Question What are the important aspects of Customer Relationship Management in a retail outlet and how Information Technology can be used to enhance its functionality? (Enterprise resource planning systems and the use of web 2.0 for information sharing) Sub Questions What is CRM and what it means to retail organizations? The use of Information Technology in a retail outlet? Opportunities and risks of web 2.0 to a retail organization and the ways in which it can be handled to gain completive advantage over other competitors? How can retail organisation like ASDA, can incorporate information technology in to the business to improve its customer relationship management? The CRM models that can guide to build successful leading retail businesses. Aims and Objective Based on the research done on the retail outlet such as ASDA were customer relationship management plays a key role in its survival. With the current technological advancement the Information technology plays a key role. With such requirements, I found that web 2.0 is very popular between everyone. And to relate it to more practical scenario, I decided to do a research on how this can be successfully put in to practice for the improvement of information sharing. Further, customer Management, which plays a key role in those companies and to find a better method to improve the customer Management through the information sharing with the new technology like web 2.0. And also in this internet age everything done via web applications and therefore the Web 2.0 plays a key role in the future development of Business like retail outlets were customer uses internet to buy goods and services. Framework The related research is structured in the following way: As a primary step of the thesis undertaken, I would like to focus on the literature review to undergo a thorough study in the field of CRM to find out the risks and opportunities exist for an organization to adopt these popular tools to the improvement and productivity of the business. As a secondary step, with the knowledge gained from these studies, the survey is to be carried out in two phases. In the first phase of the survey involve designing and distributing survey questionnaires among the friends and colleges who works or shops at a retail outlet like ASDA with in UK . As a second phase of the survey involve follow up interviews with the respondents to gather further information in the relevant areas which are covered in the questionnaires. At the end the data collected through these phases are analysed to come up with some suggestions that can help the organization to attain benefits through IT. Gantt Chart It is a tool developed by Henry Gantt in 1917, to provide a simple visual representation of the task or activities that make up a research project. In this the research time scale can be divided into sub stages and each main activity can be scheduled according a time limit. The time we estimated each task is represented by the length of an associated horizontal bar, whilst the tasks start and finish times are represented on the tile line.(Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis, Adrian Thornhill, 2009) (Refer Appendix -1 -Dissertation schedule) Literature Review 2.1 Introduction about CRM. Wikipedia defines Customer relationship management (CRM) as a broadly recognized, widely-implemented strategy for managing and nurturing a companys interactions with clients and sales prospects (Wiki, 2010). CRM uses the technology is used to organize and automate business processes such as sales activities, marketing, customer service and technical support. But the ultimate goal of CRM is attract new clients, keep the existing clients happy and save cost in marketing and customer service. Many organizations build their own databases that describe about customer and their relationship with the organization that enable the management and sales people to offer products and services that suits the customer expectations. Generally the application architecture of the CRM has three important parts namely operational CRM, Analytical CRM and collaborative CRM. Operational CRM is to handle the front office business processes including customer service, marketing and sales, whereas the analytical CRM focus on analysing the customer segments based on the data collected within Operational CRM. Finally the collaborative CRM help the organization to interact with customers using all the available channels to find solution that bring all the entities together in order for the company to provide better service to its customers. The new technology inventions and the use of internet have brought new ways of doing business. The companys future success and its profitability is heavily depends on how that company treats its customers, that is why many companies including retailers invest heavily on improving the ways of doing business to improve customer satisfaction. Firms develop strategies and technologies for implementing better customer service management to be profitable in the current intensive and dynamic market environment (Pani and Venugopal, 2008). There are many current IT developments in the retail sector that can help the retailers to gain competitive advantage over its competitors. Following IT systems such as Self checkout systems, new multimedia displays, electronic shelf labelling, and fraud detection systems, U-Scan (the worlds widely used self checkout systems), Loss prevention software and Corema (helping retailers to create deliver and track loyalty programs and targeted offers and promotions) are used by many retailers to gain customer satisfaction. Further, the emerging technology like intelligent agents can be used as a tool to achieve e-CRM in internet. 2.2 Evaluation of Digital Media The rise of the internet in 90s created a new mechanism to distribute information among people. In the PC era the physical data is stored in digital form in to CDs and flash drives but, with the wide use of internet the web 2.0 technology emerged to enable two way , many to many communication via internet in the form of feedback, ideas, reviews and recommendations which encourages the participation of the interested parties. The following four developments are the crucial milestones that the internet media has gone through in the past decade. The primary development can be stated as the development of website communities that can be considered as an originator of the current time wikis and blogs, which is followed by the introduction of rich site summery (RSS) which is used to manage the frequently updated contents. The next milestone of this development process was the introduction of search engine marketing where the advertisement is returned just in time. The Googles Ad Words is one such example of this which helps many small businesses to reach many new customers. The final developments was the introduction of behavioural targeting which creates a profile based on the user history and other information to target the customers according to their preferences. (Shih,2009) 2.3 Web 2.0 The web communication technology field has emerged through different innovations. The latest revolution in this field is called Web 2.0 . It was considered as the first phase of web evolution. This concept was first identified during a conference brainstorming session between OReilly and MediaLive International. Web 2.0 doesnt have a hard defined boundary therefore, It can be simply described as a set of principles and practices that tie together a veritable solar system of sites that demonstrate some or all of those principles, at a varying distance from that core (O Reilly,2005). Finding a common definition for web 2.0 was a tedious task for the researchers. Therefore , we can come to a common understanding by analysing the definitions that are given by different researchers in this field. According to Tim OReilly: Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the internet as platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that new platform. Chief among those rules is this: Build applications that harness network effects to get better the more people use them. Former Vice President of Product Management at Google Adam Bosworth describes Web 2.0 as rich intelligent clients who share information across the web and deal with richer media (photos, sound, video). Although different people have different opinion about web 2.0, all of them agree that it is a better we communication platform which has the ability to harness collective intelligence, enhance the user participation and collaboration. Therefore, we all agree on the fact that it brings new cutting edge opportunity for the overall users. The second phase of the web evolution is emerging and it is called Web3.0 . During Web 1.0 era the contents are purely created by the producers for the users to share among them. But during the Web 2.0 the users have given the chance to participate equally in the content creation. Finally the Web 3.0 has brought the users more closely to the machines so that both the producers and users can create more interactive dynamic contents. Users and developers define Web 3.0 as personalization of the Web. The primary target of web 3.0 is connecting different set of data that is produced by different people in different places so that the limitations that exist in Web 2.0 can be eliminated to improve the benefits that it bring to the users (Pattal et al,2009) . 2.3.1 Characteristics of Web 2.0 Web 2.0 has created a new revolution in the field of internet technology. But still there is a big confusion exist among the experts about the nature of web 2.0. Some have the opinion that there is no significant different between web 1.0 and web 2.0 but, others believe that it is a unique and revolutionary thing. By looking at the characteristics of this technology one can agree that it is different from other technologies that are existed before. Let us look at the key characteristics which clearly differentiate web 2.0 services from earlier technologies :(Chaffey, 2009) Network as platform: Unlike web 1.0, the web 2.0 has the ability to run the software application through the browsers with out installing it locally. Here the network act as a platform which host those applications. Rich user experience and open culture: One of the key benefits of web 2.0 is that,, it allow the reuse of the contents that are contributed by the others which encourage the people to share their knowledge to create an open culture .This freedom in knowledge sharing will encourage the user participation that can create a collective intelligence which can be beneficial to the company as well as to the society as a whole. Always beta: One of the key feature of web 2.0 is a continuous improvement . The services are constantly updated to improve the functionalities that are available in those services. Scalability: Wiki defines scalability as a desirable property of a system, a network, or a process, which indicates its ability to either handle growing amounts of work in a graceful manner. It also a key feature of web 2.0 that make it more efficient than its predecessors. Tagging: Rather than having to rely on use of formal classification systems (which may not be meaningful to many users) tags can be created by users. The tags, which may also be meaningful to their peers, provide communal ways of accessing Web resources. Embedding: Many examples of Web 2.0 services allow the content to be embedded in third party Web sites, blogs, etc. User interactive: Web 2.0 sites uses latest response technologies like AJAX , CSS in their sites which make them more user attractive and the use of these technologies make the website more dynamic which can incorporate more information in a given space. Simple design: Most of the Web 2.0 applications like social networking sites, photo sharing sites like Flicker etc are focused on single purpose which makes the users to understand the system quickly and the simple design enhance the usability of the system. 2.3.2 Web 2.0 Applications Web 2.0 contains variety of services and tools that enable the people to learn, communicate , and access information effectively. Here are some of the popular tools and services that are used to facilitate the collaboration among the users(Virkus,2008): del.icio.us: Users can bookmark their favourite sites and can share that with other users. RSS: RSS stands for really simple syndication feeds. RSS feed give a typical way of updating the wide range of web users with the list of headlines, notices and the most current information that are updated automatically by the publisher. (Myhill et al, 2009). Open access repositories: It provides a new way of publishing so that information is available for the large range of interested audience specially it is usefull in assessing research where the researchers need high level of publicity. (Myhill et al, 2009) Blogs: Herring et al defines the Blog as, frequently modified web pages in which dated entries are listed in reverse chronological order and he specify that it can create a close connectivity among the bloggers who are linked with each other to comment on each others blogs . Also, a blog can function as an online journal which is written by individual or by a group of people , and the people who has the common interest can use the blogs as a tool to share , reflect and debate about this common topic within the community of practice (Baumer et al,2008) Podcasts and Video blogs: Geoghegan and Klass define podcasting as audio content available on the Internet that can be automatically delivered to your computer or MP3 player. The core of the podcasting is of creating audio or video contents for the audience in order for them to listen to it whenever that is convenient for them. The convenience in acquiring these contents relieve the users from the time spent on searching and downloading, and they can utilize this time on something more beneficial for the company. The most current developments in portable information like the iPod and smart phones have increased the popularity of podcasting among young professionals (Ractham and Zhang, 2006). The information relevant to any tasks undertaken by the employees is essential for them to complete them successfully. Therefore accessing the information with less effort will motivate the employees to accomplish their task with less cost. Through podcasting the relevant information like latest conferences regarding the current technologies and developments can be made available to the IT professionals, for them to access the task relevant information which will help them complete their tasks more efficiently with no rejection. 2.4 Enterprise 2.0 The enterprise social software is a very important component of enterprise 2.0 also known as ERP 2.0. It is social software that is used by the organizations to manage their internal and external communication. According to Carl Frappaolo and Dan Keldsen the Enterprise 2.0 can be defined as a system of web-based technologies that provide rapid and agile collaboration, information sharing, emergence and integration capabilities in the extended enterprise.(Wiki,2009). Generally the Web 2.0 refers to the technologies that are used to share information via internet, but the term Enterprise 2.0 is a specialized version of Web 2.0 which focus only on those platforms that companies can buy or build in order to make visible the practices and outputs of their knowledge workers. The technologies of Enterprise 2.0 such as search, links, authoring, tags and extensions provide an easy usability for the knowledge worker and it consist tools that can the help the knowledge work emerge from the workers which is an essential source for the productivity of the company.( McAfee, 2006). Over the years the initial novelty stage of Enterprise 2.0 has passed successfully by learning new things lessons through the challenges faced. Now the new practical focus is emerged on creating and managing of business communities, finding ways to deliver measurable business value and learning best ways through collaboration and social software. Many organizations are implementing enterprise 2.0 for their business which includes the components like enterprise social networking, wikis, and social CRM which can bring the potential benefits. (Hinchcliffe, 2009) . Research Design and Methodology 3.1 Introduction The research can give different meaning to different people. But simply research can be defined as a process of finding solutions to a problem after a thorough study and analysis of the situational factors( Sekaran and Bougie, 2003) . Any research can be categorised as academic or business research. The academic research is performed on scholar purpose which is not client oriented whereas, the business research is performed to investigate a specific problems in the work setting which are client oriented. The business research can be further classified as exploratory, descriptive and casual research based on the purpose of the research. The exploratory research is conducted to find out about any business opportunities, whereas the descriptive research is to describe the characteristics of people, groups, organizations or environments. But the purpose of casual research is to identify the cause and effect relationships. (Zikmund,2010) 3.2 Research process or Research methodology The research methodology or research process is influenced by the purpose of the research undertaken. Therefore it is very crucial to select an appropriate research process to attain successful results at the completion of the project. The study undertaken here follows a cyclic research process that contains a sequence of highly interrelated activities. As shown in the below figure, any research is started by selecting a research topic from the subject area related to your degree. Then further information has to be gathered about the topic by searching the literature of previous studies and other sources. Using the information gathered the general interest has to be narrowed down to a particular research problem that can be used to define the research questions. The next important step in the research process is the research design which starts with the research paradigm which is the framework that guides the research. After designing the research the relevant data should be collected using different data collection methods. According to the research paradigm the collected data should be analysed and presented in the thesis at the end of the research process. Choose a topic and search the Literature Review the literature and define the research problem /Research questions Design the research and write the proposal Collect the research data Analyse and interpret the research data Write the dissertation , thesis or research report Figure 3.1: Overview of Research process, Source: (Collis and Hussey,2009) 3.3 Research Approach The research process can be compared to a map, because there is no single right path that can be defined for a journey. The path one wants to take depends on where he wants to go and the resources that are allocated. Accordingly the research process that needs to be followed depends on the research undertaken and the resources and the time allocated to the specific project. (Zikmund, 2010) 3.4 Data collection methods Data collection methods are an important part of research design. The data that are collected during the research can be categorized as primary and secondary data. Primary data can be collected through the data collection methods like interviews and questionnaires whereas the secondary data can be gathered through books , periodicals ,government publications , media and company annual report. The time and cost can be saved through the use of secondary data but totally rely on the secondary data can have a risk of being obsolete (Sekaran and Bougie, 2010). 3.4.1 Interviewing Interviewing is one of the popular methods of collecting relevant data of the research undertaken. According to Kahn and Cannel the Interview can be defined as a discussion between two or more people. Interviews can be used to collect valid and reliable data which are relevant to the identified research questions and the objectives of the project. Interviews can be categorized as structured, semi structured or unstructured. Unstructured interviews dont contain any planned set of questions to be asked from the respondents. This will help to bring out some preliminary issues to the surface. Semi structured interviews are more flexible than the structured ones where the researcher got a theme of questions which can vary from one interview to the other. Finally the structured interviews are formal interviews which have identical standardized questions. A comprehensive study of CRM, CRM tools, Web2, ERP, and the importance of CRM in a retail outlet were carried through a literature survey. Questionnaire survey and interviews has been selected for the research methodology to conduct the selected research. The data that were collected through the questionnaires and interviews are recorded and the analysed under different criteria. At the end of the project time line, the findings of the research undertaken were presented in the final dissertation.